Two batteries connected in series through a resistor are bucking eachother. (Current and battery voltages given). If one of the batteries is switched (flipped), what is the new current?

bucking each other >> connected in opposing coupling

.< I1… +| V1|- … -|V2|+…> I2 … |
………………….. …………. …….. |
…….. <<< R >>>> ……………… |

current in circuit = I2- I1 = (V1 - V2)/R = I (given)
so R = (V1 - V2) / I …………. (1)
==================
when battery V2 is flipped
new voltage (V1+V2)
new current (i) = [V1+V2] /R
put the value of R from (1)
i = [V1+V2] * I /[V1 - V2] >>>>>> answer —– (2)
now battery are in tune >> supportively coupled
note >if you flip V1 then only direction of (i) will change not its magnitude
===============
if V1 = 15 V, V2 = 5 V, I = 2 A
then on flipping V2, you get
i = (15+5)*2/[15 - 5] = 4 A
typically current doubled for just chosen values

Mobile phone company like Motorola is well known mobile manufacturer. The recent metamorphosis in the Motorola phone designs are clearly shown in the mobile market. In addition to its design, Motorola has also achieved a good place in the mobile technology. One of the best examples is the recent launch of the Motorola V3xx. Its an updated version of the most popular RAZR V3x. The phone is very slim and lightweight and comes with 3G technology.

The clamshell phone is not just about its looks, it has 3.5G technology with it. The V3xx is the first phone from Motorola that has HSDPA (High Speed Download Packet Access) technology. As the name suggests, HSDPA enables users to download data at a faster speed with up to 3.6 Mbps, which is 10 times faster than the 3G phones. Users can also enjoy high resolution video calling, fast music download, and live TV on the phone.

Technologically, the Motorola V3xx is excellent but when it comes to its camera quality, its not up to the mark. With only 1.3 mega-pixel camera, users cannot expect good picture quality. Although, the second VGA camera is quite good for video calling and video recording. The screen display of the camera is of high quality at 256k colours and 240 x 320 pixels resolution.

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The battery life of the phone is also good as compared to the Motorola V3x. All the latest features including Bluetooth, USB, mobile internet and messaging service have been incorporated in the handset. And, its a nice phone.

You’ve seen them on T.V. many times. Shake flashlights-just shake one for a few seconds and voile! Instant, bright light. But besides the novelty of it all, are these things for real or even practical? The answer is yes, they are for real and extremely practical for everyday application. Here are seven good reasons why you need a shake flashlight:

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From an auto pundit to a mechanic John Doe, everyone is very well aware of the wondrous benefits Mercedes Benz can provide. It is a total package, as proven by its dynamic components. From the grille to the trunk, the geniuses behind Mercedes Benz make it a point that each Benz is able to bring the passengers to total driving and traveling nirvana.

The lighting system, power windows, retractable sunroof, air conditioning unit, hydraulic braking and clutch system, are some of the parts that perform each function for that comfortable Mercedes driving experience. They are powered by a hefty supply of voltage to run smoothly. This comes from the battery, which is the soul of the car’s charging system. And for this supply to continue in the long run without draining the battery charge, the vital role of the Mercedes Benz Alternator is needed for this crucial process.

As mentioned before, the mother of the electrical system of the Mercedes Benz is the battery. Electrical and electronic components get their power through this. Starting the engine requires the charge coming from the battery. But eventually, not charging the battery will leave the battery drained in the long run. Not only will the electronic and electrical parts function properly, it will not take the Mercedes Benz to places.

This is where the Mercedes Benz Alternator comes into the picture. It will charge up the battery in order to give ample supply of electric charge to these components. Situated at the engine compartment of the Mercedes Benz, the Mercedes Benz Alternator is activated by an alternator or serpentine belt. This electromechanical device converts mechanical energy into alternating current while running. The principle here is to have a steady stream of voltage to supply the machine. This is imperative since batteries run out of charge especially during long travels. It is the chief source of energy, supplying the right amount of charge to the parts of the Mercedes Benz electrical system.

As the main function of the Mercedes Benz Alternator is to convert mechanical energy to alternating current, the belt of the engine drives the shaft of the Mercedes Benz Alternator. This produces electricity via the mechanical energy of the machine. Afterwards, this electricity is carried on through the diodes. This power is being utilized to charge up the battery at the same time as the other electrical components of the Mercedes Benz.

The Mercedes Benz Alternator works hand in hand with the battery and the regulator. After converting the mechanical energy into an alternating current, the Mercedes Benz Alternator charges the battery. It is stocked for starting up the engine and other electrical components. The regulator, meanwhile, maintains the designated amount of voltage.

Since the proper functioning of the electrical components weighs heavily on the charging of the battery while the engine is running, it is a must to conduct periodic check-ups and maintenance on the alternator to work efficiently in the long run. It may not be that easy to tell whether the Mercedes Benz Alternator is not working properly. There are times that there are noises heard coming from under the hood. Or the headlights become dim or intermittent. Though the battery may still run the vehicle sans the busted Mercedes Benz Alternator, still, it wouldn’t last for a long time as the battery would be drained of its electric charge, eventually.

Lack of knowledge won’t be a hindrance in maintaining the functionality of the Mercedes Benz Alternator. Have a professional technician measure the voltage output of the alternator. If there is a low output, it may be time to replace it. It is alright to have the busted alternator fixed or rebuilt, but it won’t last for a long time. Buying a new Mercedes Benz alternator is a healthier alternative.

Battery consumption on a digital camera is worse than on the older film cameras, due to their onboard electronics. The thing to remember is the word battery does not mean only one cell, as some digital cameras require approximately four AA cells. And those four batteries can drain in about an hour or less of shooting. All of this adds up to the fact that batteries will always be a number one concern for any photographer to keep the camera running - cheaply, effectively, high capacity, rechargeable, and environmentally friendly.

Two very safe types for the environment are the NiMH (Nickel Metal Hydride) and the Ki-Ion (Lithium Ion) batteries which are less expensive to use than the traditional alkaline battery. These are an alternative to the 15 million alkaline batteries which are thrown away after a single usage. But regardless of which battery we are using, we cannot predict how long our digital camera will run by simply knowing the capacity rating of its battery. One example is the AA alkaline batteries which have a rating of over 2,500 mAh with the NiMH batteries only having a rating capacity of 1,200 to 1,900 mAh.

These numbers are what cause many photographers to falsely believe that the alkaline batteries have more power than the environmentally safe NiMH batteries. But for a fact, the NiMH batteries or the Li-Ion batteries will run the camera three to four times as long as alkaline batteries can deliver their full capacity only if the device is used slowly.

A NiMH battery with a rated capacity of 1,800 mAh will take more photographs than an alkaline battery does at the 2,800 mAh capacity. The digital cameras place a high-power drain on all batteries, which makes the rechargeable NiMH or NiCd (Nickel cadium) batteries better. The lithium batteries will also work, but are much more expensive and usually cannot be charged. The Duracell Ultra and Energizer Advanced Formula batteries also can last longer in the digital camera - but only 30% longer - which means a jump from 15 to 25 images on up to 20 to 40 images.

Many photographers place alkaline batteries in a freezer, thinking this will recharge them or keep them from running down. The fact is, alkaline batteries lose power at less than two per cent a year, so refrigerating or freezing them will not make much difference. But if they are stored in higher temperature surroundings, they lose their capacity a lot more - such as 5% a year at 85 degrees, or 25% at 100 degrees - which would require the refrigeration due to the outside heat.

The NiMH or NiCd batteries do lose power every day at 70 degree or higher weather, so refrigerating them will slow this down, while freezing them will keep its power at 90% capacity.

Another important step is the charging of the rechargeable batteries. A basic statement in a technical sense, states that “a battery that is always slow-charged will last longer than one that is rapid-charged”.

Many rumors have said to quick charge a battery such as NiMh will reduce its life, but if the battery charger has been purchased that is specifically designed to rapid charge the NiMH cells there will not be a problem; the reduction of its power is more often to occur with an “overnight” charger which relies on unplugging them after a certain number of hours. What happens if they are forgotten and they charge more than they should - the life of the batteries will be reduced is what happens.

A really simple battery tester is a flashlight bulb. The strenght of light produced is proportional to the strenght of the battery. Just use a bulb with the appropriate voltage rating.

When it comes to auto batteries, I see two options:
1. Starting battery.
2. Dual purpose starting/deep cycle battery.

When reading the CCA specs, both battery types have the same CCA.

Why would I not choose the dual purpose battery so I can have more amp hours/reserve capacity?

Do the CCA of a dual purpose battery not last as long as a starting battery?

Thanks.

Cost may be the only consideration. I would chose the deep cycle any time I can find one to fit. There are some limited size options for the deep cycle.

I've noticed that many hardware stores sell batteries that can trickle charge your car's battery through the cigarette lighter overnight. Many boxes seem to advertise that it will keep your battery at the "ideal starting temperature". Are they referring to keeping your car battery warm overnight? Or something else?

I'm a rookie, any input would be great, thanks.

if your car doesnt have any electrical loads while it is off.(which it shouldnt, regardless of age) and you have a decent battery then you should be fine. that kind of stuff is more of a quick fix for minor problems.

Most laptops now use lithium ion (Liions) batteries. Lions should be managed differently from the Nicad or NiMH batteries used in older laptops. In particular, Lions should not be run all the way down to prevent “memory effect”. First, they don’t have a memory effect, and second, running them down tends to reduce their capacity. If the laptop does not need the battery it should be run to about 40% charge and stored in a cool place. Liion batteries go bad whether used or not, so only buy new Liions. Typical life is 2-3 years.

Mac Laptop batteries are specifically designed for each laptop brand and model. Mac laptop batteries are all fundamentally different from one another and cannot be substituted unless the laptop has been pre-configured from the manufacturer to accept more than one type of battery chemistry.

Go to your manual to find out which rechargeable battery types the laptop device supports or use Mac Battery Finder above to find all the compatible laptop batteries for your device. It will automatically list all of the battery chemistries supported by your specific device. If your device does allow you to upgrade the battery from NiMH to Li-Ion, you will typically get longer run times.

Why are iBook and PowerBooks batteries so expensive? Part of the reason is that LiIon batteries can do bad things if they overheat. So LiIon battery packs have an internal circuit to prevent overcharging. There can be several functions for the protection circuit, including shutting it down in case.

Calibration:

Calibrate the Battery New Apple batteries, those included with a machine and those bought separately, arrive partially charged and need to be calibrated. This procedure provides a baseline for the processor built into the battery, so the processor can effectively regulate power consumption. To calibrate your battery, first plug in the laptop and charge the battery, till the battery is fully charged. Next, unplug the power adapter and let the battery run down. The machine will put itself to sleep and refuse to wake up. Plug the adapter in again and fully recharge the battery. You need to calibrate the battery only once.

When your laptop is running on battery power, use the energy saver preference pane to minimize performance and maximize battery life. From the optimize energy settings pop-up menu, choose Longest Battery Life, which puts the hard disk to sleep when possible and reduces the processor’s performance.

Store the Battery Properly When it’s asleep, a laptop steals power from its battery to maintain the contents of its memory. If you won’t be using the computer for several days, putting it to sleep could drain the battery. Instead, charge the battery to about 40 or 50 percent capacity and shut the computer down. If you need to store a battery for six months or more, remove it from the machine and keep it in a place that won’t get too hot or too cold.

Current iBooks and PowerBooks ship with a 65-watt AC adapter that powers the machine and recharges the battery. If you’ve moved up from an iBook (dual USB) or a Titanium PowerBook G4, you can use the older machine’s 45-watt adapter as an extra charger for the new Macs, but Apple doesn’t recommend it: that wattage is enough to keep you working but not enough to charge the battery at the same time.

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Want to make an extra few bucks each month and help clean up the environment too? Reconditioning batteries may be something you would like to do. Online businesses are growing at an incredible rate. These niche sectors are making more and more money every day. Finding cheap auction batteries, reconditioning them and selling them for profit can be done with the proper knowledge.

The use of cordless devices has exploded and created a disposal problem for millions of batteries. A simple technique exists that can be used to create a fresh new battery out of a defunct cell. Batteries, most especially rechargeable ones, are more easy to use than worrying about plug-in electrical devices. What can be done when no outlets are available? Sometimes batteries are the only option. But, using rechargeable batteries is not without its pitfalls.

Even with rechargeable batteries, their lifespan is a problematic issue. They do not last forever. After so many charges, the batteries no longer take a charge and can even burn out the charger. So what is the solution? And how can someone take this information and turn it into a recycling situation as well as a income opportunity?

First off, there are smart chargers. These wonderful devices do not suffer from the same burn out that other chargers do. As many batteries as you desire can be charged and this type of device will continue to perform. One reason many batteries gets burned out and subsequently damage the charger is because the charging operation continues even though the battery is finished charging. Smart chargers stop when the battery is charged.

Equipping yourself with the proper knowledge is important to do the job right as well as to ensure that the operations are done safely. The other prime factor to be successful, besides the knowledge factor is to have the proper equipment needed.

A computerized battery analyzer is needed for testing. A slow battery tester or slow tester is required. For quick twenty minute jolts a thirty amp quick charger is a necessity. Other equipment requirements are: a battery load tester, a battery hydrometer, and test cables. and, Personal protective equipment is needed for this kind of work so eye and face protection as well as protective clothing are absolutely needed. A well lit, ventilated area should be chosen for your work space.

Renewable energy is the wave of the future. Conservation is not only good for the environment but also in high demand for any company that uses energy on a continual basis. Almost every company uses energy to some extent, even if it is as simple as batteries in their cell phone.This is why is reconditioning batteries could be such a great side business.

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