On some batteries (Energizer, Duracell?), it has little pressure buttons. When you press them it tells you how much room is left on the battery for energy. How do they work? And would it be possible to use that technology for a different product?

The conducting ink forms a resistor which does load the battery. The thermochromic strip lies along the resistor and responds to the heat it generates. The resistor is tapered, so its resistance per unit length increases as it gets narrower, and so does the temperature due to current flow. The point along the strip where the temperature reaches the color-change value depends on the amount of current flowing in the resistor. Thus the length of the changed color section indicates battery freshness. This is a very approximate test. A better tester loads the battery similarly, but measures the battery voltage under such loading.